收获蚁属

收获蚁属
未交配的野蛮收获蚁雌性繁殖蚁 Messor barbarus
一个工匠收获蚁的群落 Messor strutor
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
亚科：	家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae
属：	收获蚁属 Messor Forel, 1890
模式種
野蛮收获蚁 Formica barbara Linnaeus, 1767
多样性
100种以上左右
異名
Cratomyrmex Emery, 1892 Lobognathus Enzmann, J., 1947

收获蚁属(学名：Messor) 又称收割家蚁属，是蚁科、切叶蚁亚科的一个属，该属有着100多个成员，命名方式源自罗马神话中的农作物和收获之神梅索尔 (Messor)。地下群落通常分布在空旷的田野和路边附近，开口直接通向地面。

该属物种的群落可达到很大的规模，并以其设计精巧的粮仓而闻名。在粮仓中，种子被储存在干燥的环境中，以防止发芽。收获蚁的结构巢穴非常复杂，总体而言，该属物种有着很强大的建筑能力。

收获蚁有很多种分化，并且具有独特的大头特化，它们的作用是搬运种子以及开种子。虽然它们主要以种子为食，但偶尔也会吃虫肉。一些蜗牛壳可能因为其形状像谷物而被带入巢穴。

收获蚁具有坚韧、光滑的几丁质外骨骼。行动缓慢，形成长长的携带种子的通道。收获蚁往往是单后制的，一个群落仅由一位蜂后建立，但在人为的环境下，收获蚁可以变成多后群落，但这往往会有蚁后死亡的风险。

以沙地收获蚁（Messor arenarius）为例，与其他类型的收割蚁一样，它们在寻找食物来源时会释放追踪信息素，并在个体层面上进行操作。

下属物种属物种

该属包括一下物种：

• Messor abdelazizi Santschi, 1921
• 针毛收获蚁 Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
• 埃及收获蚁 Messor aegyptiacus (Emery, 1878)
• Messor alexandri Tohme, 1981
• Messor mediorubra
• Messor andrei (Mayr, 1886)
• 角收获蚁 Messor angularis Santschi, 1928 小肯尼亚收获蚁
• Messor antennatus Emery, 1908
• Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski, 1967
• Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky, 1902
• 沙地收获蚁 Messor arenarius (Fabricius, 1787)
  • 沙地收获蚁阿氏亚种 Messor arenarius alfierii Santschi,1938
• Messor atanassovii Atanassov, 1982
• 野蛮收获蚁 Messor barbarus (Linnaeus, 1767)原生收获蚁、芭芭拉收获蚁
  • 野蛮收获蚁五倍子亚种 Messor barbarus gallaoides Santschi, 1929
  • 野蛮收获蚁光滑亚种 Messor barbarus politus Karavaiev, 1912
  • 野蛮收获蚁血胸亚种 Messor barbarusmediosanguineus Donisthorpe, 1946
• Messor beduinus Emery, 1922
• Messor berbericus Bernard, 1955
• Messor bernardi Cagniant, 1967
• Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918
• Messor buettikeri Collingwood, 1985
• Messor caducus (Victor, 1839)
• Messor capensis (Mayr, 1862)
• Messor plinii
• 大头收获蚁 Messor capitatus (Latreille, 1798)
• Messor carthaginensis Bernard, 1980
• Messor caviceps (Forel, 1902)
• Messor celiae Reyes, 1985
• 巨首收获蚁 Messor cephalotes (Emery, 1895) 肯尼亚收获蚁
• Messor ceresis Santschi, 1934
• Messor chamberlini Wheeler, 1915
• Messor clypeatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
• Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849)
• Messor collingwoodi Bolton, 1982
• Messor concolor Santschi, 1927
• Messor decipiens Santschi, 1917
• Messor dentatus Santschi, 1927
• Messor denticornis Forel, 1910
• Messor denticulatus Santschi, 1927
• Messor arcistriatus
• Messor diabarensis Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927
• Messor hesperius Santschi, 1927
• 移动收获蚁 Messor excursionis Ruzsky, 1905
• Messor ferreri Collingwood, 1993
• Messor foreli Santschi, 1923
• Messor fraternus Ruzsky, 1905
• 没食子收获蚁 Messor galla (Mayr, 1904)
• Messor ebininus Santschi
• 希伯来收获蚁 Messor hebraeus Santschi, 1927
• Messor hellenius Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
• Messor himalayanus (Forel, 1902)
• Messor hispanicus Santschi, 1919
• Messor ibericus Santschi, 1931
• Messor incisus Stitz, 1923
• Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
• Messor inermis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
• Messor instabilis (Smith, 1858)
• Messor intermedius Santschi, 1927
• Messor julianus (Pergande, 1894)
• Messor kasakorum Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor kisilkumensis Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor lamellicornis Arnol'di, 1968
• Messor lariversi (Smith, 1951)
• Messor kazakorum Arnoldi, 1969
• Messor lobicornis Forel, 1894
• Messor lobognathus Andrews, 1916
• Messor luebberti Forel, 1910
• Messor luridus Santschi, 1927
• Messor eglalae Sharaf
• 葡萄牙收获蚁 Messor lusitanicus Tinaut, 1985
• Messor maculifrons Santschi, 1927
• Messor mcarthuri
• Messor marikovskii Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor marocanus Santschi, 1927
• Messor medioruber Santschi, 1910
• Messor melancholicus Arnol'di, 1977
• 小收获蚁 minor (Andre, 1883)
  • 小收获蚁卡普里亚种 Messor minor capreensis Santschi, 1927
  • 小收获蚁卡拉布里亚亚种 Messor minor calabricus Santschi, 1927
  • 小收获蚁西方亚种 Messor minor hesperius Santschi, 1927
  • 小收获蚁摩尔亚种 Messor minor maurus Barquin, 1981
• Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
• Messor nahali Tohme, 1981
• Messor niloticus Santschi, 1938
• Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910
• Messor olegianus Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor orientalis (Emery, 1898)
• Messor perantennatus Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor pergandei (Mayr, 1886)
• Messor piceus Stitz, 1923
• 着色收获蚁 Messor picturatus Santschi, 1927
• Messor planiceps Stitz, 1917
• Messor postpetiolatus Santschi, 1917
• 王者收获蚁 Messor regalis (Emery, 1892)
• Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev, 1910
• Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850)
• Messor rufus Santschi, 1923
• Messor ruginodis Stitz, 1916
• Messor rugosus (Andre, 1881)
• Messor sanctus Emery, 1921
• Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
• Messor sculpturatus Carpenter, 1930
• Messor semirufus (Andre, 1883)
• Messor semoni (Forel, 1906)
• Messor smithi (Cole, 1963)
• Messor sordidus (Forel, 1892)
• Messor stoddardi (Emery, 1895)
• Messor striatellus Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor creticus Salata & Borowiec, 2019
• Messor striaticeps (Andre, 1883)
• Messor striatifrons Stitz, 1923
• Messor striativentris Emery, 1908
• 工匠收获蚁 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)
• Messor subgracilinodis Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor sultanus Santschi, 1917
• Messor syriacus Tohme, 1969
• Messor testaceus Donisthorpe, 1950
• Messor timidus (Espadaler, 1997)
• 热带收获蚁 Messor tropicorum Wheeler, 1922
• Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
• 强壮收获蚁 Messor valentinae Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor variabilis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
• Messor vaucheri Emery, 1908
• Messor vicinus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
• 沃斯曼收获蚁 Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910 

特化大型工蚁

• Messor minor x cf. wasmanni (Interspecific hybrid)
• Messor hismai Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
• Messor hodnii Barech, Khaldi, Espadaler & Cagniant, 2020
• Messor spec Santschi, 1927
• Messor erectus

参考文献

[[Category:家蚁亚科]] [[Category:使用生物多样性栏目的条目]]