后认知主义
后认知主义（postcognitivism）泛指认知科学中的某些运动，这些运动的主张反对诺姆·乔姆斯基、杰里·福多、大卫·马尔等人所提出的认知主义理论，或跨越了这些认知主义理论设下的限制。
后认知主义者挑战认知主义的信条，包括本体二元论、表象实在论（representative realism）、认知是独立于心智和神经系统之外的历程、电子计算机是心智的恰当类比，以及认知只发生在个体内部。[1]
遵循后认知主义方向的研究人员包括Hubert Dreyfus、格雷戈里·贝特森 、Bradd Shore、杰罗姆·布鲁纳 、Vittorio Guidano 、Humberto Maturana和弗朗西斯科·瓦雷拉 。 [2]
后认知主义思维的例子[编辑]
注记[编辑]
- ^ Wallace, B; Ross, A; Davies, J.B; Anderson, T. The Mind, the Body and the World: Psychology after Cognitivism. London: Imprint Academic. 2007. ISBN 978-1-84540-073-6.
- ^ Varela, F., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
参考文献[编辑]
- Costall, A. and Still, A. (eds) (1987) Cognitive Psychology in Question. Brighton: Harvester Press Ltd.
- Costall, A. and Still, A. (eds) (1991) Against Cognitivism: Alternative Foundations for Cognitive Psychology. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
- Potter, J. (2000). "Post cognitivist psychology", Theory and Psychology, 10, 31–37.
- Stahl, G. (2015). The group as paradigmatic unit of analysis: The contested relationship of CSCL to the learning sciences. In M. Evans, M. Packer & K. Sawyer (Eds.), The learning sciences: Mapping the terrain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Web: http://GerryStahl.net/pub/ls.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Wallace, B., Ross, A., Davies, J.B., and Anderson, T. (2007) The Mind, The Body and the World: Psychology After Cognitivism. London: Imprint Academic.
- Witt, J. K. (2011). "Action's Effect on Perception", Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 20,201-206.
- Zielke, B. (2004) Kognition und soziale Praxis: Der Soziale Konstruktionismus und die Perspektiven einer postkognitivistischen Psychologie. Bielefeld: transcript.