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使用者:31cc/沙盒/Q3（紐約市巴士）

維基百科，自由的百科全書
q3
Farmers Boulevard – JFK Airport
A Q3 bus approaching the 165th Street Bus Terminal.
概覽
所屬系統MTA Regional Bus Operations
營運者New York City Transit Authority
發車站Jamaica Depot
使用車輛Nova Bus LFS
New Flyer Xcelsior XD40
路線資訊
區域Queens, New York, U.S.
社區服務Jamaica, Jamaica Estates, Hollis, St. Albans, Springfield Gardens
起站Jamaica, Queens – 165th Street Bus Terminal Bay 5
途經Hillside Avenue, Farmers Boulevard
訖站JFK Airport – Lefferts Boulevard AirTrain station
行駛距離9.6英里（15.4公里）[1][2]
服務日期24 hours[3]
每年贊助2,094,041 (2023)[4]
轉乘Yes
時間表Q3
← Q2  {{{system_nav}}}  Q4 →

Q3是紐約市皇后區的一條公共運輸線路，途經農夫大道，連接牙買加165街巴士總站和約翰·甘迺迪國際機場。

線路說明和服務[編輯]

甘迺迪機場方向的Q3從皇后區牙買加165街巴士總站的5號車道出發。然後途經山邊大道，最後向南轉入農夫大道，途經第187巷。線路繼續穿過霍利斯社區，在長島鐵路車站停留。然後經過聖奧爾本斯，在位於洛克斯特莊園的長島鐵路站停靠。然後繼續前行，途經斯普林菲爾德花園，最後穿過洛克威大道，經北邊界路、第148街和甘迺迪高速公路進入約翰·甘向西行駛，然後沿第130巷向北行駛，沿泛美路向西行駛，在萊弗茨林蔭路向北行駛。Q3的終點站是甘迺迪國際機場捷運的萊弗茨林蔭路站。[3][5]

牙買加方向的巴士路線與甘迺迪機場方向的巴士路線基本相反。公共汽車在萊弗茨大道向南行駛，沿泛美路向東行駛，沿第130巷向南行駛，沿凡維克高速公路及其輔路向南和向東行駛。在8號航站樓停靠後，沿甘迺迪高速公路、148街和北邊界路轉彎。離開機場後，牙買加方向的Q3線路沿農民大道行駛，然後向北轉入第188街，向西轉入山邊大道，終點站是第165街巴士總站的5號車道。[3][5]

Q3的大部分乘客來自甘迺迪機場的機場員工。[6]該線路延伸至甘迺迪機場後，更多乘客開始使用Q3，皇后區的就業機會也隨之增加，機場員工被鼓勵搬到皇后區，道路擁堵狀況也得到緩解。[7]

History[編輯]

Early history[編輯]

The Saint Albans Improvement Association obtained a permit to operate a bus line between St. Albans and Jamaica, Queens, around 1920.[8] The association hired Mortimer Randel to operate the line.[8][9] The route was put under the supervision of the New York City Department of Plant & Structures, which established the Saint Albans–Hollis–Jamaica line in March 1922.[10] The route ran from Saint Marks Avenue (now 119th Avenue), via Farmers Avenue, Seminole Avenue and Villard Avenue (both now 190th Street), and Hillside Avenue to Union Hall Street.[10][11] Because the majority of the route ran via Farmers Boulevard, it was known as the Farmers Boulevard Line.[12]

The Hillside Avenue-Farmers Blvd bus was transferred to Bee Line Bus Incorporated in 1923 and was labeled the Q3.[13] The Q3 route originated from 163rd Street and Jamaica Avenue in the Jamaica business district;[14] the route then ran along 165th Street, Hillside Avenue, 187th Place, and Farmers Avenue, terminating at the intersection of Farmers Avenue and Merrick Road.[15] On October 1, 1930,[16] the Bee Line routes began terminating at the newly constructed Jamaica Union Bus Terminal near its former terminus. The new bus terminal was located at Jamaica Avenue and New York Boulevard (now Guy R. Brewer Boulevard), adjacent to the now-closed Union Hall Street Long Island Rail Road station.[16][17][18][19]

On August 11, 1936, the Bee-Line routes were moved to the newly opened 165th Street Bus Terminal (then the Long Island Bus Terminal).[20][21][22] In May 1939, Bee-Line relinquished its Queens routes.[23] The bus was assumed by the North Shore Bus Company on May 22, 1939. These routes began operation from the terminal under North Shore Bus Company on June 25, 1939,[24] as part of the company's takeover of nearly all routes in Zone D (Jamaica and Southeast Queens).[25][26][27] The route was extended to Rockaway Boulevard on July 1, 1939. The route was cut back to the 165th Street Bus Terminal from 163rd Street and Jamaica Avenue on October 27, 1939.[13]

NYCBOT and NYCTA operation[編輯]

On March 30, 1947, North Shore Bus would be taken over by the New York City Board of Transportation (NYCBOT; later the New York City Transit Authority or NYCTA), making the bus route city operated.[28][29][30][31]

Q3 service was extended from Rockaway Boulevard to JFK International Airport on December 6, 1987.[7][32] Prior to the extension, the Q3 only operated during weekday morning and evening peak periods. However, once the route was extended, the route was expanded to 21 hours per day, 7 days a week.[7] This extension was not designed for air travelers, as evident by the route's roundabout routing, but it was instead intended for airport employees, those at JFK Airport. In the areas of southeast Queens where the Q3 operates, there is a high concentration of airport workers, and before the extension, they had no direct access via public transportation.[2] The headways during peak-periods were shortened from 20–25 minutes to 15 minutes, and new midday, evening, and weekend service was provided every 30 minutes. The new extensions, was extensively advertised through the use of brochures and timetables, which were the first for a local bus in Queens. These were distributed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to its employees at JFK, and articles were written about the extension in airport newspapers and newsletters. All households in southeast Queens got mailings. A special inaugural bus with local dignitaries ran on December 6, 1987, with a celebration at JFK. Additional service was added to the route because of increased patronage of the route. A majority of the people who started using the Q3 to get to the airport previously to travel by car.[2]

24-hour service was added to the Q3 on April 11, 2004. At the same time, service to all JFK terminals except Terminal 4 was replaced by AirTrain JFK.[33][34] The route's JFK Terminus was moved to Terminal 5 on May 30, 2012, due to construction at Terminal 4.[34][35]

In December 2019, the MTA released a draft redesign of the Queens bus network.[36][37] As part of the redesign, the Q3 would have been replaced by a "neighborhood" bus route, the QT68, which would have been extended south to Federal Circle and north to Jamaica Hospital.[38] The redesign was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City in 2020,[39] and the original draft plan was dropped due to negative feedback.[40] A revised plan was released in March 2022.[41] Shortly before the announcement of the bus redesign, the Q3 was extended southwest to the AirTrain JFK's Lefferts Boulevard station to accommodate long-term construction at JFK Airport on March 27, 2022. The changes would remain in effect until at least 2026, when JFK's new Central Terminal Area was completed.[42] The new draft plan also called for the Q3 to be extended to the Lefferts Boulevard station. Therefore, no further changes to the Q3 would need to be made in the bus redesign, other than the elimination of closely spaced stops.[43] A final bus-redesign plan was released in December 2023.[44][45] Under this plan, the Q3's extension to the Lefferts Boulevard station would be made permanent.[46]

See also[編輯]

References[編輯]

  1. ^ Transit & Bus Committee Meeting: January 2016 (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January 2016 [March 9, 2016]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於March 9, 2016）.  已忽略未知參數|df= (幫助)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Transportation Research Record No. 1373 Aviation Airport Landside Operations and Planning (PDF). Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. 1992 [June 19, 2016]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 MTA Regional Bus Operations. Q3 bus schedule. 
  4. ^ Subway and bus ridership for 2023. mta.info. April 29, 2024 [May 2, 2024]. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Queens Bus Map (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2017 [April 24, 2018]. 
  6. ^ Boyle, Daniel K.; Gawkowski, Paul R. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FOR AIRPORT EMPLOYEES: Q3 EXTENSION INTO JOHN F. KENNEDY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. Transportation Research Record. January 1, 1992, (1373). ISSN 0361-1981. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Diamond, Bob. Electric Transportation For The City of New York In The 21st Century Volume 1. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781329682542 （英語）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Bus Owner Loses Suit Against St. Albans Folk. Times Union. 1921-01-24: 10 [2022-10-10]. 
  9. ^ Bus Owner Sues St. Albans Ass'n. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1921-01-22: 3 [2022-10-10]. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Minutes. 1922: 1774.  |issue=被忽略 (幫助)
  11. ^ Old New York. Motor Coach Age. 2013, (January – June 2013). 
  12. ^ North Shore Bus Company. For the Convenience of Queens Bus Riders (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. July 29, 1942: 4 [February 21, 2016]. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Queens Issue. Motor Coach Age. 1977, (April – May 1977). 
  14. ^ Bee Line Runs Many Routes: Has Large Central Garage and Headquarters at Rockville Centre (PDF). Brooklyn Standard Union. Fultonhistory.com. November 18, 1929: 18 [March 11, 2016]. 
  15. ^ New York Supreme Court Appellate Division-Second Department. 1935: 121–122. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Jamaica Opens Terminal Today: Bus Station Triples Service: 50,000 Passengers To Be Handled Daily By New Plan (PDF). The Nassau Daily Review. Fultonhistory.com. October 1, 1930: 9 [February 21, 2016]. 
  17. ^ Bus Routes Over Which Companies Are Battling (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. July 15, 1931: 4 [February 21, 2016]. 
  18. ^ $1,500,000 Bus Terminal Started: Service To Begin In 30 Days, Say Depot Builders (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 12, 1930: 1 [February 21, 2016]. 
  19. ^ Green Line to Use New York Ave. Depot As Bee Buses Shift to 165th St. Terminal (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 12, 1936: 2 [February 20, 2016]. 
  20. ^ At Midnight...Tuesday, August 11, 1936. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 11, 1936: 4 [February 20, 2016] –透過Newspapers.com. 
  21. ^ Bee Bus Line Will Use New Jamaica Station: To Remove to $1,500,000 Terminal Tuseday Night. New York Herald Tribune. August 10, 1936 [July 1, 2015]. 
  22. ^ Jamaica's Bus Terminal Open: Bee Line and Four Shops Lease Space-Centrally Located. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 16, 1936 [July 9, 2015] –透過Newspapers.com.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  23. ^ Hall, Charles. Bee Line Quits Zone D As Police Jail Drivers: Ousted 'Wildcat' Presses Fight In Courts (PDF). Long Island Daily Press (72). Fultonhistory.com. May 23, 1939: 1 [January 9, 2016]. 
  24. ^ North Shore Buses Start From Terminal Today (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. June 25, 1939: 3 [January 9, 2016]. 
  25. ^ North Shore May Take Over Z & M And Schenck Lines on Saturday: Franchise for Zone D Area Is Legalized (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. June 27, 1939: 1 [February 20, 2016]. 
  26. ^ Abelman, Lester. Court Upholds Bus Permit; City Defeats Bee Line In Zone D Fight; Way Cleared for North Shore to Take Over Routes in Jamaica Area (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. February 2, 1939: 1 [February 20, 2016]. 
  27. ^ 31 BUS FRANCHISES AWARDED BY CITY; 26 Grants in Manhattan Made to Forestall Stopping of Emergency Lines. UNIFIED SYSTEM HELD UP New York Railways Will Take Over Madison Av. Lines Today -- 2-Cent Transfer Points Fixed.. The New York Times. December 17, 1932 [June 19, 2016]. ISSN 0362-4331. 
  28. ^ Major Improvements Ordered in Zone D (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. April 10, 1947: 2 [February 19, 2016]. 
  29. ^ Sparberg, Andrew J. From a Nickel to a Token: The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA. Fordham University Press. October 1, 2014. ISBN 978-0-8232-6190-1. 
  30. ^ CITY TAKES OVER BUS LINE: O'Connor Selected to Operate North Shore System (PDF). The New York Times. March 30, 1947 [March 27, 2016]. 
  31. ^ 120-Passenger Vehicles Added For Next Week: 10 City Lines Will Have All New Equipment by Wednesday (PDF). Fultonhistory.com. Long Island Star-Journal: 2. December 31, 1948 [January 9, 2016]. 
  32. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/19980127010654/http://www.mta.nyc.ny.us/nyct/Bus/busfacts.htm Department of Buses history NYC Transit
  33. ^ Bus Service Advisories: Queens. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2004 [February 20, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於December 5, 2004）. 
  34. ^ 34.0 34.1 Transit Committee Meeting June 2012 (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 2012 [March 9, 2016]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於August 13, 2012）. 
  35. ^ mta.info | Planned Service Notices: JFK Airport Terminal 4 Bus Stop Relocation. May 31, 2012 [December 30, 2015]. （原始內容存檔於May 31, 2012）. 
  36. ^ Acevedo, Angélica. MTA gives 'sneak peek' of transformative Queens bus network redesign plan. QNS.com. December 17, 2019 [January 1, 2020]. 
  37. ^ MTA Unveils Draft Proposal to Redesign Bus Network in Queens. Spectrum News NY1 | New York City. December 31, 2019 [January 1, 2020]. 
  38. ^ Draft Plan, Queens Bus Network Redesign. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2019 [January 1, 2020]. 
  39. ^ Queens bus network redesign remains on hold amid COVID-19 pandemic: MTA. QNS.com. [2020-07-05]. （原始內容存檔於July 5, 2020） （美國英語）. 
  40. ^ Duggan, Kevin. MTA to release 'totally redone' Queens bus network redesign draft in early 2022. amNewYork. December 15, 2021 [January 21, 2022]. 
  41. ^ Duggan, Kevin. FIRST ON amNY: MTA reveals new Queens bus redesign draft plan. amNewYork. March 29, 2022 [March 29, 2022]. 
  42. ^ Mohamed, Carlotta. MTA announces bus route service changes to take effect in March amid JFK Airport terminal redevelopment – QNS.com. QNS.com. February 14, 2022 [April 1, 2022]. 
  43. ^ Draft Plan, Queens Bus Network Redesign. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 2022 [January 1, 2020]. 
  44. ^ Brachfeld, Ben. MTA unveils final proposal for Queens bus network redesign. amNewYork. December 12, 2023 [December 13, 2023]. 
  45. ^ Shkurhan, Iryna. MTA unveils final plan to overhaul Queens bus network for the first time in decades. QNS.com. December 13, 2023 [December 14, 2023]. 
  46. ^ Final Plan, Queens Bus Network Redesign. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Dec 2023 [January 1, 2020]. 
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